Морфологічна побудова слова в англійській мові
T.: Today we'll learn about endings in English. We are going to do some tasks to improve your knowledge.
1. Presentation of new material
T.: Now, let's learn some new concepts on the topic.
I'll give you the cards (card#1). You have to read and study the rules.
Word-formation – the process of forming words by combining root and affixal morphemes according to certain patterns specific for the language (affixation, composition), or without any outward means of word formation (conversion, semantic derivation).
● Is a branch of science of the language, which studies the patterns on which a language forms new lexical items (new unities, new words)
● It’s a process of forming words by combining root & affixal morphemes.
● According to certain patterns specific for the language or without any outward means.
(conversion)
2 major groups of word formation:
1) Words formed as grammatical syntagmas, combinations of full linguistic signs (types: compounding (словосложение), prefixation, suffixation, conversion, and back derivation)
2) Words, which are not grammatical syntagmas, which are not made up of full linguistic signs.
Common for both groups is that a new word is based on synchronic relationship between morphemes.
Different types of word formation:
COMPOUNDING is joining together 2 or more stems.
Types:
1) Without a connecting element
headache, heartbreak
2) With a vowel or consonant as a linking element
speedometer, craftsman
3) With a preposition or conjunction as a linking element
down-and-out (в ужасном положении, опустошенный)
son-in-law
PREFIXATION
● Prefixes are such particles that can be prefixed to full words. But are they not with independent existence.
● Native prefixes have developed out of independent words; there is a small number of them.
a-
be-
mid-
fore-
mis-
SUFFIXATION
● A suffix is a derivative final element, which is or was productive in forming new words.
● It has semantic value, but doesn’t occur as an independent speech use.
● The contact of English with foreign languages has led to the adoption of countless foreign words, which started to be used in word building.
→ we have many hybrid types of derivatives.
A hybrid is a word different element of which are of etymologically different origin.
2 groups:
1) A foreign word is combined with a native affix
- full
- less
- ness
clearness, faithless, faithful
2) Foreign affixes are added to native words
- ance
- al
- ity
- able
CONVERSION
(zero derivation)
● A certain stem is used for the formation of a categorically different word without a derivative element being added.
Bag – to bag
Back – to back
Bottle – to bottle
● This specific pattern is very productive in English
● The most popular types are noun → verb or verb → noun
2. Writing
T.: You have some cards
1) Find the opposites of the words on the right and write them down (card#2).
2) Link the verbs with their correct suffix to form NOUNS and write them down. Follow the example and be careful with the spelling (card#3).
3) Add a PREFIX and/or SUFFIX to the words below and put them in the correct sentence (card#4).
2. Reading
T.: Please, complete this paragraph using noun forms of these words (card#5). Then be ready to read the text.
vary
assess
involve
establish
evident
There is good reason to suppose that the_____________ of schools that cater for children with behavioral disorders will alleviate this problem. As it stands, these children often cause a wide ___________ of problems in the classroom that teachers cannot deal with and the ________ suggests that special schools might be able to provide a solution. One proposal is that parents should, where possible, have much more direct _________ in what happens in the classoom. It has even been suggested that they should help with the formal _______-----of the children.
So, thank you for your hard work! You have been very active! The lesson is over.
Card#1
Read and study the rules:
Card#2
Find the opposites of the words on the right and write them down (card#2)
POSSIBLE
LOYAL
HONEST
REGULAR
LEGAL
COMPLETE
REPLACEABLE
EFFECTIVE
POPULAR
FORTUNE
DIFFERENT
KIND
Card#3
Link the verbs with their correct suffix to form NOUNS and write them down. Follow the example and be careful with the spelling.
a) IMAGINE 1. -ance g ASSISTANCE
b) WEAK 2. -ity
c) TEACH 3. -ation
d) INFECT 4. -sion
e) DECIDE 5. -ence
f) ARGUE 6. -er
g) ASSIST 7. -al
h) SECURE 8. -ance
i) REFUSE 9. -ment
j) OCCUR 10. - ion
k) RESIST 11. -ness
Card#4
Add a PREFIX and/or SUFFIX to the words below and put them in the correct sentence.
PROBABLE COMMUNICATE AGREE CURIOUS ANGER HEALTH
RESPONSIBLE FAME HELP LIKE CAREFUL CONCLUDE
a) The lights are green, but nobody is moving. He is so (adjective)
b) Don't you know that saying " killed the cat?" (noun)
c) I think you should drive more . You're scaring me. (adverb)
d) She is a very TV star. (adjective)
e) They have different opinions on the subject. Their will last forever. (noun with a negative meaning)
f) Brian is always late for work. He is so . (adjective with a negative meaning)
g) This Math problem is very difficult. Mary didn't come to any . (noun)
h) He can't see the banana peel. He will slip and fall. (adverb)
i) You shouldn't eat so much junk food. It's very . (adjective with a negative meaning)
j) Thanks for finding my cat. You're a very youn g man. (adjective)
Card#5
Complete this paragraph using noun forms of these words.
vary
assess
involve
establish
evident
There is good reason to suppose that the_____________ of schools that cater for children with behavioral disorders will alleviate this problem. As it stands, these children often cause a wide ___________ of problems in the classroom that teachers cannot deal with and the ________ suggests that special schools might be able to provide a solution. One proposal is that parents should, where possible, have much more direct _________ in what happens in the classoom. It has even been suggested that they should help with the formal _______ of the children.
